Table of Contents
Part 1 The Thorax
1 Introduction to CT of the Thorax: Chest CT Techniques 3
Spiral CT: Types of Scanners 3
Spiral Chest CT: General Principles 4
Spiral Chest CT: Protocols 6
2 Mediastinum: Introduction and Normal Anatomy 11
Normal Mediastinal Anatomy 11
Normal Cardiac Anatomy 21
The Retrosternal Space 26
3 Mediastinum: Vascular Abnormalities 29
Aortic Abnormalities 29
Superior Vena Cava and Great Veins 40
Pulmonary Arteries 44
4 Mediastinum: Lymph Node Abnormalities and Masses 49
Lymph Node Groups 49
CT Appearance of Lymph Nodes 51
Differential Diagnosis of Mediastinal Lymph Node Enlargement 54
Diagnosis of Mediastinal Masses 63
Prevascular Space Masses 63
Thymic Tumors 64
Pretracheal Space Masses 69
Subcarinal Space 70
Aortopulmonary Window Masses 71
Retrosternal Mediastinum 71
Paravertebral Masses 71
Diffuse Mediastinal Abnormalities 73
Heart and Pericardium 74
Paracardiac Masses 76
5 The Pulmonary Hila 79
Technique 79
Diagnosis of Hilar Mass or Adenopathy 79
Bronchial Abnormalities 98
Differential Diagnosis of Hilar and Bronchial Abnormalities 100
Pulmonary Vascular Disease 103
Mass versus Atelectasis 104
6 Lung Disease 105
Normal Anatomy 105
Congenital Lesions 107
Bronchial Anomalies 107
Bronchogenic Cyst 107
Arteriovenous Fistula 108
Sequestration 109
Hypogenetic Lung (Scimitar) Syndrome 111
Pulmonary Vein Anomalies and Vein Varix 111
The Solitary Pulmonary Nodule and Focal Lung Lesions 112
Multiple Lung Nodules and Pulmonary Metastases 121
Bronchiectasis and Bronchial Abnormalities 123
Atelectasis: Types and Patterns 124
Diffuse Infiltrative Lung Disease 128
Emphysema 139
7 Pleura, Chest Wall, and Diaphragm 143
Technical Considerations 143
Pleura 143
Chest Wall 158
Axillary Space 159
Breast 160
Diaphragm 161
Part 2 The Abdomen and Pelvis
8 Introduction to CT of the Abdomen and Pelvis 167
Approach 167
Gastrointestinal Contrast Agents 168
Intravenous Contrast Agents 168
How to Interpret CT Scans of the Abdomen and Pelvis 168
Artifacts in Body CT 170
Radiation Dose in CT 173
9 Peritoneal Cavity, Vessels, Nodes, and Abdominal Wall 175
Peritoneal Cavity 175
Vessels 181
Nodes 187
Abdominal Wall 189
10 Abdominal Trauma 193
Scan Technique 193
CT Findings of Traumatic Injury 194
11 Liver 207
Anatomy 207
Technical Considerations 211
Liver Hemodynamics and Perfusion Abnormalities 212
Diffuse Liver Disease 214
Focal Liver Masses 221
Cystic Liver Masses 228
12 Biliary Tree and Gallbladder 233
Biliary Tree 233
Gallbladder 241
13 Pancreas 247
CT Technique 247
Anatomy of the Pancreas 247
Fatty Infiltration of the Pancreas 249
Acute Pancreatitis 250
Chronic Pancreatitis 252
Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas 253
Islet Cell Tumor 257
Pancreatic Lymphoma 257
Metastases to the Pancreas 258
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm 258
Cystic Lesions 259
14 Spleen 265
Anatomy 265
Technical Considerations 265
Anomalies 265
Focal Lesions 267
15 Kidneys and Ureters 273
Kidneys 273
Ureter 293
16 Adrenal Glands 303
Normal Adrenal Glands 303
Adrenal Masses with a Specific Imaging Appearance 303
Hyperfunctioning Adrenal Lesions 308
Problematic Adrenal Masses 309
17 Gastrointestinal Tract 319
Basic Principles 319
Esophagus 320
Stomach 324
Small Bowel 328
Mesentery 334
Appendix 335
Colon and Rectum 339
18 Pelvis 355
Anatomy 355
Technical Considerations 358
Bladder 358
Uterus 359
Ovary 363
Prostate 370
Testes 372
Part 3 Musculoskeletal Skeleton
19 CT in Musculoskeletal Trauma 377
Trauma 377
Spine 378
Pelvis/Hip 380
Extremities 380
Muscle 382
Conclusion 384
20 CT in Musculoskeletal Nontrauma 387
Disk Disease 387
Spinal Stenosis 391
Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis 395
Sacroiliac Joints 396
Osteitis Pubis 397
Coalition 397
Tumors and Infection 398
Measurements 401
Conclusion 401
21 Incidental Findings 411
Metastatic Disease/Multiple Myeloma 411
Hemangioma 412
Schmorl's Nodes 415
Tarlov Cysts 415
Paget's Disease 415
Fibrous Dysplasia 416
Conclusion 417
Index 419
Description
A favorite of radiology residents and practitioners alike,
Fundamentals of Body CT makes it remarkably simple to learn how to
perform and interpret CT scans. The completely revised and updated
3rd Edition covers the most recent advances in CT technique,
including the use of multislice CT to diagnose chest, abdominal, and
musculoskeletal abnormalities, as well as the expanded role of 3D CT
and CT angiography in clinical practice. The result is today¡¯s most
accessible, affordable introduction to body CT!
Key Features
*Highlights the information essential for interpreting CTs and the
salient points needed to make diagnoses.
*Reviews how the anatomy of every body area appears on a CT scan.
Presents comprehensive guidance in a concise format.
*Offers step-by-step instructions on how to perform all current CT
techniques.
*Provides a survey of major CT findings for a variety of common
diseases—with an emphasis on those findings that help to
differentiate one condition from another.
New to this Edition
*Features new chapters on CT of abdominal and pelvic trauma.
*Presents updated abdominal chapters with recently reported findings
and the latest pathological terminology.
*Offers a revised musculoskeletal section that highlights
abnormalities of the axial skeleton typically identified or diagnosed
using body CT.
*Includes increased coverage of high-resolution lung CT and solitary
nodules.
*Provides full-chapter coverage of hot topics such as (Ch. 4)
Mediastinum – Lymph Node Abnormalities & Masses • (Ch. 6) Lung
Disease • (Ch. 18) Trauma CT of the Abdomen & Pelvis • and (Ch. 19)
CT Angiography of the Abdomen & Pelvis.
Author Information
W. Richard Webb, MD, Chief, Thoracic Imaging, Professor of Radiology,
University of California, San Francisco Medical School, Department of
Radiology, San Francisco, CA; Wiliam E. Brant, MD, Professor of
Radiology, Director of Thoraco-Abdominal Imaging Division, University
of Virginia Health System, Department of Radiology, Charlottesville,
VA; and Nancy Major, MD, Associate Professor of Radiology and
Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Division of Muscoloskeletal
Imaging, Durham, NC