Table of Contents
Section I Introduction and Mission
1 History of Critical Care Medicine: The Past, the Present and the Future Giuseppe Ristagno Max H. Weil 3
2 The Mission of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine (WFSICCM) Philip D. Lumb 19
Section II Professionalism, Ethics and Evidence-Based Practice
3 Professionalism Antonino Gullo Paolo Murabito José Besso 29
4 Ethics of Decision Making in Critical Care Satish Bhagwanjee 41
5 Evidence-Based Medicine in Critical Care Premnath F. Kotur 47
Section III Clinical Governance
6 Clinical Governance: Definitions and Recommendations Georges Offenstadt 61
7 Optimization of Limited Resources and Patient Safety Antonio O. Gallesio 69
8 Improving Quality of Care in ICUs Allan Garland 81
9 Scoring Systems Rui P. Moreno Ana C. Diogo Susana Afonso 93
Section IV Nursing Perspectives
10 Nursing Workforce Management in Intensive Care Ged F. Williams 107
11 Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Perspectives Ged F. Williams Paul R. Fulbrook Anne W. Alexandrov Wilson Cañón Montañez Halima M. Salisu-Kabara David W.K. Chan 119
Section V Central Nervous System, Circulation and Kidney
12 Central Nervous System Monitoring Flavio M.B. Maciel 135
13 Definition, Monitoring, and Management of Shock States Jean-Louis Vincent 143
14 Plasma Volume Expansion: The Current Controversy Christiane Hartog Konrad Reinhart 151
15 Predicting the Success of Defibrillation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Giuseppe Ristagno 163
Section VI Respiratory System and Protective Ventilation
17 The Evolution ofImaging in Respiratory Dysfunction Failure Luciano Gattinoni Eleonora Carlesso Federico Polli 195
18 ALI, ARDS, and Protective Lung Ventilation Rahul Nanchal Edgar J. Jimenez F. Elizabeth Poalillo 207
Section VII Infections Surveillance, Prevention and Management
19 From Surveillance to Prevention Mercedes Palomar Martínez Francisco Álvarez Lerma 221
20 Antibiotic Policy in Critically III Patients Francisco Álvarez Lerma Mercedes Palomar Martínez 237
21 The Physiopathology of Antimicrobial Resistance on the Intensive Care Nia Taylor Francísco Abecasis Hendrick K.F. van Saene 251
22 Infections in ICU: An Ongoing Challenge Hendrick K.F. van Saene Durk F. Zandstra Andy J. Petros Luciano Silvestri Angelo R. De Gaudio 261
23 Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract (SDD) Twenty-five Years of European Experience Luciano Silvestri Miguel A. de la Cal Hendrick K.F. van Saene 273
24 Antifungal Management Simone Rinaldi Angelo R. De Gaudio 285
Section VIII Sepsis, Organ Dysfunction and the Bundles
25 Sepsis: Clinical Approach, Evidence-Based at the Bedside Francisco J. Hurtado Maria Buroni Jordan Tenzi 299
27 Surviving Sepsis Campaign and Bundles Jean-Louis Vincent 325
Section IX Trauma
28 The Trauma: Focus on Triage Frank Plani 335
29 Damage Control in Surgery Demetrios Demetriades Kenji Inaba Peep Talving 353
Section X Limited Resource Disaster
30 Emergency Mass Critical Care Edgar J. Jimenez 367
31 Natural Disaster Bin Du Xiuming Xi Yan Kang Li Weng 379
32 The Needs of Children in Natural or Manmade Disasters Andrew C. Argent Niranjan "Tex" Kissoon 391
Section XI Special Clinical Conditions
33 The Neuroendocrine Response to Sepsis Djillali Annane 417
34 Blood Transfusion and Its Components Edgar Celis-Rodriguez Konrad Reinhart Yasser Sakr 435
35 Pain Management in Neonates and Children Marinella Astuto 447
36 Obstetrics at High Risk Ratan Alexander Annalaura Paratore Fathima Paruk 469
37 Intensive Care in the Elderly Carole Foot Malcom Fisher 487
38 Severe Malaria in the ICU Shirish V. Prayag Ashwini R. Jahagirdar 501
39 End-of-Life in the ICU Jean-Louis Vincent 515
Section XII Environment and Clinical Research
40 Designing Safe Intensive Care Units of the Future Paul Barach Mary Potter Forbes Ian Forbes 525
41 How to Plan and Design a Clinical Research Project Andrea A. Zin Antonino Gullo Walter A. Zin 543
Subject Index 563
The focus of this volume is the "state of the art" of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine as well as new insights into basic science, clinical research and therapeutic interventions. Structured in four parts, the volume opens with few chapters devoted to the beginning and development of the WSICCM, to procedures standardization, recommendations and quality of care improvement, with particular reference to the definition of clinical governance, professionalism and ethics. In the second part, the authors describe the practical clinical approach to critical illness; among the topics dealt with, the reader will find monitoring and management of shock states; acute pain management, airway management, ALI/ARDS and protective lung ventilation; the problem of weaning; antibiotics policy, sepsis and organ dysfunction. The third part of the book is related to some special conditions of countries with limited resources, such as management of obstetrics at high risk, malaria, AIDS, blood transfusion and its components. The last part of the book is structured to present some crucial issues of the intensive and critical care arena, in particular evidence-based practice, the role of the e-distance learning for information and the promotion of CME programs; last but not least, trauma care, disaster and natural disaster medicine are also discussed; a final chapter on the Guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) on Disaster Medicine is included.